Teoria jocurilor şi modernitatea

Problema:

Cum se construiesc normele sociale? De ce se orientează oamenii spre anumite comportamente şi cum devin unele dintre ele norme sociale ? 




Funcţionalismul, dar şi teoria jocurilor au conferit explicaţii în acest sens. În primul caz, comportamentul individual este explicat printr-o abordare sistemică, în cel de-al doilea caz, se pleacă de la individ şi de la relaţiile sale diadice. Insuficienţele teoriei funcţionaliste în explicarea modului în care apar normele sunt cunoscute. Ele ţin de faptul că individul este văzut ca Homo sociologicus, iar comportamentul său ar servi grupului/organizaţiei de care aparţine. În cazul teoriei jocurilor, avem de-a face cu un Homo economicus, orientat spre maximizarea utilităţii. 

Game Theory and Modernity

Abstract

Although the late modernity, the present one focuses on individuality and maximum freedom, game theory, although built on the same principles, can provide valid propositions only in well delimitated cases. Here we are in front of a metatheory problem – understanding the fact that although the pre-requisites of a theory are consonant with the pre-requisites of the social fact, the theory has a reduced validity degree in what concerns understanding the way social order is generated. This fact owed to the essential changes generated in structure of  other components of  late modernity, as  delocalization of space and the time induced pressure.

The Problem:

How are social norms generated? Why do people choose particular types of behavior and how do some of them become social norms?

Functionalism, but also game theory gave explanations of this aspect. In the first case, the individual behavior is explained throughout a systemic approach, in the second, we talk about the individual and his dyadic relationships. The lacks of the functionalist theory in explaining the way in which social norms are generated are already known. They refer to the fact that the individual is seen as Homo sociologicus, and his behavior serves the group / the organization he belongs to. In the case of game theory, we deal with a Homo economicus, oriented towards maximizing utility.